Platos Account Of The Soul - 2636 Words

PLATOS’ ACCOUNT OF THE IMMORTAILITY OF THE SOUL AND THE THEORY OF THE FORMS IN THE PHAEDO Luke Stock PHIL 2006 X0 Professor Anna Wilks November 21, 2014 Word count: Plato gives an account of the relationship between his conception of the soul and the theory of the forms in the Socratic dialogue Phaedo. He rejects the established view that the soul is contingent on the body and is extinguished upon death and offers four defences for the notion of the immortality of the soul. From the observation that all things come to be from their opposites Socrates establishes that life follows death and that the soul must have existed before death. He then proposes that learning is actually a process of recollecting what we previously had knowledge of, this knowledge must have been possessed before birth, but then forgotten, again implying that the soul must have existed before birth. Socrates then draws a distinction draws between that which is immaterial, imperceptible and immortal and that which is material, perceptible and immortal. He argues that the body is like the former while the soul is of the second category, with each possessing the features of the things they bear affinity to, and thus the soul must be immortal and survive death. His final argument posits the causal nature of the Forms in relation to those things which participate in them. Socrates argues that the soul, through its very definition, participates in the Form of Life and thus must neverShow MoreRelatedPlato Education Reform Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesPlato contends that â€Å"education is the craft concerned with..turning around and with how the soul can most easily and effectively be made to do it† (Plato 190). 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In ‘A Study of Human Nature’ Plato tries to explain his Tripartite theory by ways of a parable, a vivid illustration which describes the soul as havingRead MoreJustice Is The Legal Or Philosophical Theory Of Justice1503 Words   |  7 PagesJustice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul. Discuss. â€Å"Justice is the art which gives to each man what is good for his soul† and that is simply to say that justice is identical with, or inseparable with philosophy. (Cahn, Political Philosophy, 1-136) Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul; it is to the soul as medicine preserves the health of the body. In its current and cardinal definition is a just behavior or treatment; a concern for justice, peace, andRead MorePlato: Immortality of the Soul1505 Words   |  7 PagesPHAEDO: IMMORTALITY OF SOUL In the dialogue Phaedo Plato discusses the immortality of the soul. He presents four different arguments to prove the fact that although the body of the human perishes after death; the soul still exists and remains eternal. Firstly, he explains the Argument from Opposites that is about the forms and their existence in opposite forms. His second argument is Theory of Recollection which assumes that each and every information that one has in his/her mind is related toRead More Comparison of Platos The Last Days of Socrates and Hesses Siddhartha1699 Words   |  7 Pagesthe dichotomous relationship of the soul and the body is integral to grasping the similarities and differences between the classical Greek and Indian paths because the way in which these concepts are understood defines the very nature of truth.    Socrates, the main character in The Last Days of Socrates, and Siddhartha, the central figure in Siddhartha, are both portrayed as learned men searching for truth. The author of The Last Days of Socrates, Plato, conceived the document as a representationRead MoreConceptions of the Soul Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesPlato (in Phaedo) and Aristotle (in De Anima) present two fundamentally different conceptions of the soul. Through an analysis of their frameworks and genre, and whether their methods are plausible, it can be concluded that Aristotles formulation of the soul is more compelling than that of Plato. According to Plato, the body and the soul are separate entities. The soul is capable of existing before life of the body and after death of the body and it is constant, unchanging and non-physicalRead MoreEssay on Plato on Justice988 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent one when compared to what we and even the philosophers of his own time are accustomed to. Plato would say justice is the act of carrying out one’s duties as he is fitted with. 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To do this, Plato believesRead MoreThe Nature Of Justice In Platos Myth Of Er1418 Words   |  6 Pagesimagining an ideal city-state, Plato introduces the Myth of Er which tells of what happens to a soul after death. In the myth, a man named Er is chosen to bring the story of the dead back to the living. The Myth of Er is Plato’s last attempt to convince others of the profits of justice and lend legitimacy of his previous claims. It gives Republic a purpose by describing the concrete consequenc es of an unjust life. This paper will show that while the Myth of Er is useful to Plato in that it motivates peopleRead MoreThe Tripartite Theory Of The Soul1196 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Soul Plato’s theory of tripartite soul focuses on the nature of human psyche. In the Republic, Plato (using the character â€Å"Socrates† as his mouthpiece) introduces this theory and claims that the soul contains three constituent elements: the appetitive, the rational, and the spirited parts. These three separate elements of the soul are organized in a hierarchy with reason being the superior of the two and spirit being the most inferior (Republic 439d and 441a-b). In a just soul, Plato claims

Molecular Biology Essay Example For Students

Molecular Biology Essay Molecular BiologyAbstractThe bacterium used in this lab, Escherichia coli (or E. coli) is an ideal organism for the molecular geneticist to manipulate. It can easily be grown in suspension culture in a nutrient medium such as Luria broth, or in a petri dish of Luria broth mixed with agar (LB agar) or nutrient agar. Genes can be transferred between bacterial in three ways: conjugation, transduction, or transformation. Bacterial transformation involves transfer of genetic information into a cell by direct uptake of the DNA. During gene transfer, the uptake and expression of foreign DNA by a recipient bacterium can result in conferring a particular trait to a recipient lacking that trait. Transformation can occur naturally but the incidence is extremely low and is limited to relatively few bacterial strains. Plasmids can transfer genes that occur naturally within them, or plasmids can act as carriers for introducing foreign DNA from other bacteria plasmids, or even eukaryotes into recipient bacterial cells. In this lab, the LB- and LB+ plates had a lawn of growth, the most growth out of all the plates. The LB/amp+ plate also showed some bacterial growth, but it was very little. The LB/amp- plate was the only plate that had no observed bacterial growth. Transformation efficiency might be affected by the picking up of enough cells, the time of cold and heat shocking, not re-suspending, and not using aseptic technique. The lawn on growth observed in the LB- and LB+ plates are due to the absence of ampicillin. The reason why the LB/amp+ plate showed some growth was because of the resistant plasmids. Since there were no plasmids to resist the ampicillin in the LB/amp- plate, there was no growth. IntroductionThe bacterium used in this lab, Escherichia coli (or E. coli) is an ideal organism for the molecular geneticist to manipulate and has been used extensively in recombinant DNA research. It is a common inhabitant of the human colon and can easily be grown in suspension culture in a nutrient medium such as Luria broth, or in a petri dish of Luria broth mixed with agar (LB agar) or nutrient agar. E. coli contains about five million DNA base pairs in its singular circular chromosome. E. coli may also contain small circular DNA molecules called plasmids, which also carry genetic information. The plasmids are extrachromosomal; they exist separately from the chromosome. Some plasmids replicate only when the bacterial chromosome replicates, and often occur in as many as 10 to 200 copies within a single bacterial cell. Certain plasmids, called R plasmids, carry genes for resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin. Genes can be transferred between bacterial in three ways: conjugation, transduction, or transformation. Conjugation is a mating process during which genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another of a different mating type. Transduction requires the presence of a virus to act as a carrier to transfer small pieces of DNA from one bacterium to another. Bacterial transformation involves transfer of genetic information into a cell by direct uptake of the DNA. During gene transfer, the uptake and expression of foreign DNA by a recipient bacterium can result in conferring a particular trait to a recipient lacking that trait. Transformation can occur naturally but the incidence is extremely low and is limited to relatively few bacterial strains. These bacteria can take up DNA only during the period at the end of logarithmic growth. At this time, the cells a said to be competent. Competence can be induced in E. coli with carefully controlled chemical growth conditions. Once co mpetent, the cells are ready to accept DNA that is introduced from another source. .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 , .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .postImageUrl , .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 , .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:hover , .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:visited , .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:active { border:0!important; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:active , .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07 .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud32a2136a3face0a0d3349ce0e70ce07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Yi Wang EssayPlasmids can transfer genes that occur naturally within them, or plasmids can act as carriers for introducing foreign DNA from other bacteria plasmids, or even eukaryotes into recipient bacterial cells. Materials and ProceduresI marked one sterile 15-mL tube ?+? and the other . I used a sterile transfer pipet to add 250 ?L of ice-cold calcium chloride to each tube and placed both tubes on the ice. I then used a sterile plastic inoculating loop to transfer a cell mass about the diameter of a pencil eraser from isolated colonies of E. coli cells from the starter plate into the + tube. I immersed these cells on the loop in the calcium chloride solution in the + tube and vigorously spun the loop in the solution to dislodge the cell mass. I then held up the tube to the light to make sure the mass had fallen off the loop and was now in the solution. I immediately suspended the cells by repeatedly pipetting in and out with a sterile transfer pipet and observed the tube under the light to make sure that there were no visible clumps of remaining cells. The suspension appeared milky white. I then returned the + tube to the ice and transferred a mass of cells into the ? tube and suspended as I had done with the + tube. I used a sterile plastic inoculating loop to add one loopful of plasmid DNA to the + tube. When the DNA solution formed a bubble across the opening, its volume was 10 ?L. I then immersed the loopful of plasmid DNA directly into the cell suspension and spun the loop to mix the DNA with the cells. I then returned the + tube to the ice and let them incubate for 15 minutes. While the tubes were incubating, I labeled my media plates with my lab name and date. I labeled one LB/Amp plate ?+? (the experimental plate), the other was labeled LB/Amp (the negative control). I then labeled the LB plates either ?+? or . This was a control to test the viability of the cells after they have gone through the transformation procedure. Following the 15-minute incubation on ice, the cells were ?heat shocked?. They were removed from the ice and immediately immersed in a water bath of 42?C for 90 seconds. I gently agitated the tubes while they were in the bath and then returned them directly to the ice for 1 or more minutes. I used a sterile transfer pipet to add 250 ?L of Luria broth (LB) to each tube. I gently tapped the tubes with my finger to mix the LB with the cell suspension and placed the test tubes in a test-tube rack at room temperature for a 10-minute recovery. I then removed some cells from each transformation tube and spread them on the plates, one plate at a time. Cells from the ? tube were spread on the ? plates, and the cells from the + tube were spread on the + plates. Using a sterile transfer pipet, I added 100 ?L of cells from the ? transformation tube to the appropriate plate(s). I immediately spread the cells over the surface of a plate using the following procedure. I slightly opened the lids (?Clam shell?) and carefully poured 4-6 beads onto each plate. By shaking it back-and-forth and up-and-down gently so that the beads moved across the entire surface, the cell suspension was evenly spread all over the agar surface. When I finished the spreading, I let the plates rest for several minutes to allow the cell suspensions to become absorbed into the agar. I then held each plate vertically over the container and slightly opened the lower part of the plates to tap out the glass beads into the container. Using another sterile transfer pipet, I added 100 ?L of the cell suspension from the + DNA tube onto the appropriate plate(s). I immediately spread the cell suspension(s) as described in the preceding procedure. The final step was to wrap the plates together with tape and then I placed then upside down in the incubator room or at room temperature. They were incubated for approximately 24-36 hours in a 37?C incubator or 48-72 hours at room temperature. ResultsIn the LB- and LB+ plates had a lawn of growth, the most growth out of all the plates. The LB/amp+ plate also showed some bacterial growth, but it was very little. The LB/amp- plate was the only plate that had no observed bacterial growth. .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce , .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .postImageUrl , .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce , .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:hover , .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:visited , .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:active { border:0!important; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:active , .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d6ae9553b64fe9a00b5e9618d1e49ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Second Son Of Donald And Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King Was Born On 19 EssayThe total mass of plasmid (in ?L) used (used 10 ?L of plasmid at a concentration of 0.005 ?g/?L) Total mass = volume x concentration= 10 ?L x .005 ?g/?L= .05 ?gTotal volume of cell suspension prepared = CaCl2 + plasmid + Luria Broth = 250 ?L + 10 ?L + 210 ?L= 510 ?LThe fraction of the total cell suspension that was spread on the plate ? Volume suspension spread / total volume suspension = fraction spread100 ?L / 510 ?L = 0.19The mass of plasmid in the cell suspension spread ?Total mass plasmid x Fraction spread = mass plasmid DNA spread.05 ?g x 0.19 = 0.0095 ?gDiscussion/ConclusionThe lawn on grow th observed in the LB- and LB+ plates are due to the absence of ampicillin (antibiotic in the agar). The reason why the LB/amp+ plate showed some growth was because the cells had taken up the plasmid and had become ampicillin resistant. Since there were no plasmids to resist the ampicillin in the LB/amp- plate, there was no growth. The purpose of plating + or ? cells on the LB plates was too see the growth and that they werent killed. The purpose of plating the + and ? cells on the LB/Amp plates was to observe which ones would be resistant. Since the colonies are ampicillin resistant, the transformation was successful and the plasmid is in the recipient cells. The phenotypes of the transformed colonies indicate ampicillin resistance. If I were to conclude that the transformation was successful, I would inspect the LB/Amp+ plate because it will indicate whether the bacteria was or was not killed in heat shock and that it did pick up the plasmid. Transformation efficiency is expressed as the number of antibiotic-resistant colonies per ?g of plasmid DNA. The object is to determine the mass of plasmid that was spread on the experimental plast and was, therefore, responsible for the transformants observed. Transformation efficiency might be affected by the picking up of enough cells, the time of cold and heat shocking, not re-suspending, and not using aseptic technique. Science Essays

The USA economy free essay sample

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The footing of the US economic system. 2. Major industries. 3. Agribusiness. 4. Foreign trade. 5. Trade wars. 6. Global economic influence. 1. The footing of the US economic system 1. The footing of the US economic system The American economic system is described as a free endeavor system, which allows private concern the freedom to run for net income with minimal authorities ordinance. The theoretical foundation of the American economic system was provided by Adam Smith whose economic thoughts of so called individualistic # 1111 ; or free competition influenced the development of capitalist economy. From his point of view the more people industry and merchandise the greater the competition. Competition benefits society by leting the consumer to seek for the best available merchandise at the lowest monetary value. Thus market forces, which Smith termed the unseeable custodies, command the allotment of goods while each participant in the market is seeking for his ain opportunism. We will write a custom essay sample on The USA economy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the 19 century market operated with a minimal authorities ordinances. Since the 1930-s American capitalist economy has undergone a extremist alteration. Although private endeavors flourishes, authorities ordinance now exists in many countries of concern runing from merchandise safety to labour conditions. Political conservativists complain of excessively much authorities ordinance while the progressives are out for the enhance of authorities function in concern and economic system. The state # 8217 ; s trust on private enterprise and endeavor has produced impressive growing. The USA today is a taking economic power with a high criterion of life and tremendous productiveness in industry and agribusiness. It is the most flush state in the world.60 % of all households and persons are in the middle-income or high-income rank. 2. Major industries 2. Major industries The USA remains the universe # 8217 ; s taking manufacturer of goods and services, although its border of high quality is decreasing as other states become more competitory in the universe # 8217 ; s market. Industrial and technological place of the provinces is really high. The USA is the taking manufacturer of electrical energy, aluminium, Cu, sylph and paper, and one of the top manufacturers of natural gas and cars. No other state exports as much high engineering as the USA. 3. Agribusiness 3. Agribusiness Technological promotion has accelerated alterations in American agribusiness. Farming is extremely mechanised and commercialised, but at the same clip it requires much investing. In productive footings the accomplishments of this sector of the economic system are extraordinary. U. S. husbandmans produce adequate nutrient for domestic ingestion and still provide 15 % of the universe # 8217 ; s nutrient demand. It should be noted that in the past 30 old ages agricultural lands have been concentrated in fewer and fewer custodies as a consequence of the fact that large-scale specialised farms replaces little household farms. However high efficiency and productiveness of American agribusiness has its negative side. On the one manus agriculture has become excessively productive to be profitable to many American husbandmans. Low harvest monetary values, which have resulted from overrun, frequently do non convey husbandmans adequate income to populate on. Another trouble an American husbandman faces is the diminution of agricultural exports. The state of affairs nowadays is that the portion of the U. S. harvests on the universe # 8217 ; s market is shriveling while the portions of the European community expand. 4. Foreign trade 4. Foreign trade Besides agricultural merchandises the most portion of the U. S. export occupy machinery, automotive merchandises, aircraft and chemicals. The taking U. S. imports are crude oil merchandises, nutrient and drinks machinery, Fe and steel merchandises. The USA is the universe # 8217 ; s largest importer and exporter. Despite its immense domestic production, the economic system of America depends to a great extent on foreign imports. Until late the US exported more goods than it imported. However the present state of affairs is the worsening fight of American goods in the universe market foremost of all due to hapless quality, which was indicated by the trade shortage, which is called in economic theory a negative balance of foreign trade. Foreign makers are now selling about 50 % inside the state more than Americans are exporting abroad. It should be specially emphasized that the status of the U. S. economic system depends to a huge extent on the global oil monetary values. If they are at a low-rate American economic system prospers, otherwise it is in a diminution. This phenomenon can look the ground for the economic crisis of the USA presents. That is why America has an impulse to command the oil field in Iraq which will give it an chance to command besides over the universe 1. In fact the predictable war in Iraq is merely one facet of its policy, aimed to retention its specific function in international economic sciences. In this instance the economic involvements of the USA coincide with its political 1s. 5. Trade wars 5. Trade wars During someplace a decennary the USA was taking portion in so called trade wars. A trade war is the use of export and import towards the force per unit area on the trade spouses. One state considers the other 1 to purchase non adequate its production and demands for more. Otherwise it promises to restrict the import from this state. It seems to be a premiss for the beginning of a trade war. At the terminal of 90-s the USA took portion in several trade wars at one clip: the meat war, the banana war, the grain war and the revenue enhancement war. For case in 1999 the USA blamed Russia for selling the steel for the dumping monetary value in the American market. The U. S. president Bush has late imposed limitations and the revenue enhancements on the import of steel from Russia. As a respond to such countenance Russia from its side imposed trade stoppage on importing biddies from the USA known all over the universe as the Bush # 8217 ; s hens # 1111 ; due to their familial alteration. This war has non finished yet. 6. Global economic influence 6. Global economic influence It is common cognition that the USA is the taking economic power. This fact can be confirmed. The position of the dollar as the universe # 8217 ; s main international currency. The dollar until late ( until the clip of emanation of the EURO ) is used for most international trading. But the present times dollar portions with the EURO its position of the international currency which points to the worsening of the US economic power. However high volatility of the American dollar continue to make instability on the global trade markets. The balance of trade. As I said before The USA has experienced monolithic trade shortage. This trade instability has promoted growing in the remainder of the universe ; other states were able to sell more of their merchandises to the United States, and these gross revenues have provided them with export benefits. While the U. S. trade shortage has benefited foreign economic systems, it has created terrible hurt for the American economic system. As a taking manufacturer and exporter of engineering the USA contributes to the world-wide economic growing. It exports more machinery and invests more money in technological research than any other state. Foreign investing. American concerns and industries operate all over the universe. American investing encouragements of other economic systems by supplying them employment, engineering and new merchandises. # 1055 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; à Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¤1. # 1054 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; 1. 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# 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; .60 % # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1091 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1088 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; . 2. # 1043 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1096 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; 2. ÃÆ'à «Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ­Ãƒ »Ãƒ ¥ à ®Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ  Ãƒ ±Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¨ à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ »Ãƒ ¸Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨ # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; , # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1103 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1091 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; , # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1 077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; . # 1048 ; # 1085 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; . # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1101 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1101 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; , # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1102 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; , # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; , # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1091 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; , # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1075 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; . # 1053 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; . 3. # 1057 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1103 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; 3. Ñà ¥Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ ¥ à µÃƒ ®Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¿Ãƒ ©Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ® # 1058 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; à ¨Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ¨Ãƒ © à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ± à ³Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ « à ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¿ à ¢ à  Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ªÃƒ  Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ ¬ à ±Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ ¬ à µÃƒ ®Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¿Ãƒ ©Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¥ . Ñà ¥Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ ¥ à µÃƒ ®Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¿Ãƒ ©Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ® à ¢Ãƒ »Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ªÃƒ ® à ¬Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ µÃƒ  Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ  Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ® à ¨ à ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¶Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ  Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ  Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ® , à ­Ãƒ ® à ¢ à ²Ãƒ ® à ¦Ãƒ ¥ à ±Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¥ à ¢Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¿ à ½Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ® à ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ ³Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ² à ¡Ãƒ ®Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ¸Ãƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ ® à ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ   à ¨Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¶Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ © .  à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ­Ãƒ »Ãƒ µ à ±Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ªÃƒ  Ãƒ µ à ¤Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¿ à ½Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ ® à ±Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ªÃƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ °Ãƒ   à ½Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ªÃƒ ¨ à ½Ãƒ ªÃƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ  Ãƒ ®Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ­Ãƒ  Ãƒ °Ãƒ ­Ãƒ » . Àà ¬Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ªÃƒ  Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ¨Ãƒ ¥ à ´Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ °Ãƒ » à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ §Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ¿Ãƒ ² à ¤Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ  Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ·Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ® à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¿ à ¤Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¿ à ¢Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ³Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ £Ãƒ ® à ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¿ à ¨ à ¢Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ¥ à ¥Ãƒ ¹Ãƒ ¥ à ±Ãƒ ­Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ãƒ  Ãƒ ¾Ãƒ ² 15 % à ¢Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ °Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ®Ãƒ © à ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ²Ãƒ °Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨ à ¢ à ¯Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¤Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¼Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ¨ . # 1053 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1096 ; # 1083 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; 30 # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1103 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1092 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1096 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; . # 1054 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1101 ; # 1092 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1103 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; . # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1103 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1096 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; . # 1047 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; , # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; . # 1044 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; , # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1092 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1103 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1057 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; , # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1045 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1069 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1057 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1103 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; . 4. # 1042 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; 4. Âà ­Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¸Ãƒ ­Ãƒ ¿Ãƒ ¿ à ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ °Ãƒ £Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¿ # 1055 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1103 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1096 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; , # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 110 3 ; , # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1099 ; , # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; , # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1076 ; # 1 077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; . # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; . # 1053 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1096 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; , # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1040 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1 080 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; . # 1044 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; . # 1054 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1091 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1091 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1097 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; , # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 10 88 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1096 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; . # 1048 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1100 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1073 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; 50 % # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1096 ; # 1077 ; , # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1040 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1099 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1091 ; . # 1053 ; # 1077 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1079 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 108 5 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; . # 1045 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; , # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1094 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; . # 1069 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 10 84 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1097 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; . # 1048 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1091 ; # 1040 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1102 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1092 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1048 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1079 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; . # 1060 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1091 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1048 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1090 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; , # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1078 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1077 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1078 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; . # 1042 ; # 1101 ; # 10 90 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1083 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1099 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1089 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; . 5. # 1058 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; 5. Ã’Ã ®Ãƒ °Ãƒ £Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ »Ãƒ ¥ à ¢Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ©Ãƒ ­Ãƒ » # 1055 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1077 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1099 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; . # 1058 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 10 77 ; # 1101 ; # 1082 ; # 1089 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1083 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1102 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; . # 1054 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; , # 1095 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1088 ; # 1091 ; # 1075 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1087 ; # 1072 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1095 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1077 ; # 1105 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1091 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1073 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1091 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1080 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1102 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1103 ; . # 1048 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1102 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1042 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1103 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1101 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1099 ; # 1083 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1083 ; # 1103 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; . # 1042 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; 90- # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1091 ; # 1095 ; # 1072 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1093 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; : # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1103 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; , # 1073 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; , # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1079 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1103 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; . # 1053 ; # 1072 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1074 ; 1999 # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; # 1086 ; # 1073 ; # 1074 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1103 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1056 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1102 ; # 1074 ; # 1087 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1100 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1100 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1094 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1091 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1072 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1084 ; # 1088 ; # 1099 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1077 ; . # 1040 ; # 1084 ; # 1077 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1081 ; # 108 7 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1079 ; # 1080 ; # 1076 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1090 ; # 1041 ; # 1091 ; # 1096 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1076 ; # 1072 ; # 1074 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1088 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1075 ; # 1080 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1056 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1050 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1090 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1083 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1090 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1102 ; # 1089 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1082 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1102 ; # 1056 ; # 1086 ; # 1089 ; # 1089 ; # 1080 ; # 1103 ; # 8211 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1083 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1101 ; # 1084 ; # 1073 ; # 1072 ; # 1088 ; # 1075 ; # 1086 ; # 1085 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1084 ; # 1087 ; # 1086 ; # 1088 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1072 ; # 1085 ; # 1080 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1091 ; # 1088 ; # 1080 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1057 ; # 1064 ; # 1040 ; , # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1074 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1090 ; # 1085 ; # 1099 ; # 1093 ; # 1074 ; # 1086 ; # 1074 ; # 1089 ; # 1077 ; # 1084 ; # 1084 ; # 1080 ; # 1088 ; # 1077 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1082 ; # 1085 ; # 1086 ; # 1078 ; # 1082 ; # 1080 ; # 1041 ; # 1091 ; # 1096 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1079 ; # 1079 ; # 1072 ; # 1080 ; # 1093 ; # 1075 ; # 1077 ; # 1085 ; # 1077 ; # 1090 ; # 1080 ; # 1095 ; # 1077 ; # 1089 ; # 1082 ; # 1086 ; # 1081 ; # 1084 ; # 1086 ; # 1076 ; # 1080 ; # 1092 ; # 1080 ; # 1082 ; # 1072 ; # 1094 ; # 1080 ; # 1080 ; . # 1069

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Essays - Piston Engines, Free Essays

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Essays - Piston Engines, Free Essays INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE INTRODUCTION Internal Combustion Engine, a heat engine in which the fuel is burned ( that is, united with oxygen ) within the confining space of the engine itself. This burning process releases large amounts of energy, which are transformed into work through the mechanism of the engine. This type of engine different from the steam engine, which process with an external combustion engine that fuel burned apart from the engine. The principal types of internal combustion engine are : reciprocating engine such as Otto-engine, and Diesel engines ; and rotary engines, such as the Wankel engine and the Gas-turbine engine. In general, the internal combustion engine has become the means of propulsion in the transportation field, with the exception of large ships requiring over 4,000 shaft horsepower ( hp). In stationary applications, size of unit and local factor often determine the choice between the use of steam and diesel engine. Diesel power plants have a distinct economic advantage over steam engine when size of the plant is under about 1,000 hp. However there are many diesel engine plants much large than this. Internal combustion engines are particularly appropriate for seasonal industries, because of the small standby losses with these engines during the shutdown period. History The first experimental internal combustion engine was made by a Dutch astronomer, Christian Huygens, who, in 1680, applied a principle advanced by Jean de Hautefeuille in 1678 for drawing water. This principle was based on the fact that the explosion of a small amount of gunpowder in a closed chamber provided with escape valves would create a vacuum when the gases of combustion cooled. Huygens, using a cylinder containing a piston, was able to move it in this manner by the external atmospheric pressure. The first commercially practical internal combustion engine was built by a French engineer, ( Jean Joseph ) Etienne Lenoir, about 1859-1860. It used illuminating gas as fuel. Two years later, Alphonse Beau de Rochas enunciated the principles of the four-stroke cycle, but Nickolaus August Otto built the first successful engine ( 1876 ) operating on this principle. Reciprocating Engine Components of Engines The essential parts of Otto-cycle and diesel engines are the same. The combustion chamber consists of a cylinder, usually fixed, which is closed at one end and in which a close-fitting piston slides. The in-and-out motion of the piston varies the volume of the chamber between the inner face of the piston and the closed end of the cylinder. The outer face of the piston is attached to a crankshaft by a connecting rod. The crankshaft transforms the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion. In multi-cylindered engines the crankshaft has one offset portion, called a crankpin, for each connecting rod, so that the power from each cylinder is applied to the crankshaft at the appropriate point in its rotation. Crankshafts have heavy flywheels and counterweights, which by their inertia minimize irregularity in the motion of the shaft. An engine may have from 1 to as many as 28 cylinders. Fig. 1, Component of Piston Engines. The fuel supply system of an internal-combustion engine consists of a tank, a fuel pump, and a device for vaporizing or atomizing the liquid fuel. In Otto-cycle engines this device is a carburetor. The vaporized fuel in most multi-cylindered engines is conveyed to the cylinders through a branched pipe called the intake manifold and, in many engines, a similar exhaust manifold is provided to carry off the gases produced by combustion. The fuel is admitted to each cylinder and the waste gases exhausted through mechanically operated poppet valves or sleeve valves. The valves are normally held closed by the pressure of springs and are opened at the proper time during the operating cycle by cams on a rotating camshaft that is geared to the crankshaft . By the 1980s more sophisticated fuel-injection systems, also used in diesel engines, had largely replaced this traditional method of supplying the proper mix of air and fuel; computer-controlled monitoring systems improved fu! el economy and reduced pollution. Ignition In all engines some means of igniting the fuel in the cylinder must be provided. For example, the ignition system of Otto-cycle engines , the mixture of air and gasoline vapor delivered to the cylinder from the carburetor

Nikes Dispute With The University Of Oregon Example

Nikes Dispute With The University Of Oregon Example Nike's Dispute With The University Of Oregon – Article Example Nike’s dispute with the of Oregon At the center of Nike’s dispute with the of Oregon were ethical business practices with emphasis on organizational accountability on wage rates, working environment and social corporate responsibility. Nike had support for the Fair Labor Association (FLA) which had legal and ethical loopholes that could still help multinationals gain through exploitative labor conditions and wage rates outside the United States. On the other hand University of Oregon joined in the spirit of solidarity with other universities to champion for Worker Rights Consortium (WRC) which fought to ensure strict adherence to human work condition for all the multinationals that sought their market in Apparel and sports kit. It is evident that WRC sought to eliminate the stakeholders’ interest among firms in the Apparel industry and this was seen by Nike as betrayal by its perennial benefactor in philanthropic financial donations.According to Friedman’s and Freeman’s theories, shareholder wealth maximization is the primary goal of a firm. In this regard managers ensure that firms operate under the protections of limited liability. The essence in this case is seen in how such a goal allows companies to privatize their gains while externalizing losses. Some of the tactics used by the company to achieve the goal include limited expenditure on safety workplace environment and low wages which sums up to be the bone of contention between Nike and University of Oregon. Nike therefore withdrew its support to University of Oregon as it saw the opportunity of manipulating minimum wage and other local, international and industrial labor laws was not achievable in the presence of Worker Rights Consortium.

Mobility Management for LTE-Advanced Relay Systems Research Paper

Mobility Management for LTE-Advanced Relay Systems - Research Paper Example These different technologies can cooperate together In order to improve the user’s quality of service and granting mobile users the ability of roaming across different wireless networks in a seamless manner. However, the different characteristics of each wireless technology with regards to QoS brought many challenges for provisioning the continuous services (e.g. audio/video streaming) in a seamless way. In such a heterogeneous environment, to support mobile user’s requirements, a mobility management mechanism is a key issue. Index Terms— Heterogeneous network, LTE-Advanced, Relay System, Vertical Handoff I. INTRODUCTION With the increase in demand and rapid development of wireless communication quality over the past 3 decades, the initial 1G has run into 4G with a high data rate and better mobility support. The 4G technique-International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced) systems include new capabilities that go significantly beyond those of the I MT-2000. Key requirements of the IMT Advanced systems, for instance, include improved mobility support and cell edge performance, increased spectral bandwidth and efficiency, reduced handover interruption time and reduced User plane latency and Control [1]. Considered as the main trend in future wireless communications, 3GPP LTE-Advanced has advanced features, for instance coordinated multipoint processing, carrier aggregation. It also considered as one of the top candidates towards achieving the IMT Advanced requirements. In 3GPP, high speed train scenario is agreed as the main scenario in Rel11 study item, mobile relay for E-UTRA. Here, when train rushes at a high speed the channel characteristics change and result in Doppler spread. Also the vehicles are vehicles are more crowded than other areas and therefore passengers are more likely to use high data rate services, for instance, browsing, playing games and watching videos so as to pass time [2]. The high data rate transmission requires strong signal strengths and high throughput, plus better mobility management, so mobile relay station for large vehicles are proposed for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) system. A relay system may be mobile, which means it is a dedicated network node equipped on the vehicles to provide a fixed access link to those travelling on the vehicles. It is very suitable to solve the capacity gain of the high speed vehicles if it is well deployed. In a conventional cellular network, user equipment (UE) is connected directly to a Base Station (BS), and when a user moves away from the cell center, he/she will get less bandwidth which means lower data rates. However relaying technique has been introduced in 3GPP release 10 & 11 to allow establishing an indirect two-hop link between UE and BS through a Relay Node (RN). Relay nodes can also be used to spread out the cell coverage and increase the coverage outside main area (e.g. at cell edge). The two major challenges addressed in this c ontext are maintaining the throughput and ensure a seamless mobility and service continuity to all UEs. Hence, the objective of this paper is to develop, implement, and evaluate intelligent algorithms for next generation wireless communications systems with focus on throughput and service continuity. Specifically, the paper mainly addresses to the following aspects: Relaying in heterogeneous network, resources and mobility management. The rest of the paper is arranged as follows. Firstly, the overview of fixed and mobile relay system is given is Section II. In Section III, the paper presents a Handoff Analysis. Section IV presents a system level simulation and results. The paper concludes with section V. II. FIXED AND MOBILE RELAY SYSTEMS OVERVIEW A. Background